1. I think the COVID-19 epidemic is a man-made disaster.
2. I think the COVID-19 epidemic is a natural disaster.
3. I think Chinese people caused the COVID-19 epidemic.
4. It was something that Chinese people did that caused the COVID-19 epidemic.
(2) Controllability Attribution
5. I think the COVID-19 epidemic was originally controllable.
6. I think the COVID-19 epidemic was originally preventable.
7. I think the COVID-19 epidemic was originally avoidable.
8. China had no control over the cause of the COVID-19 epidemic.
(3) Attribution of Disaster Responsibility
9. The blame for the COVID-19 epidemic lies with China.
10. I think China should be responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19.
11. I think Chinese government should be responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19.
12. I think Chinese people should be responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19.
(4) Severity of Consequences
13. The COVID-19 epidemic is a very frightening disease.
14. The COVID-19 epidemic has very serious consequences.
15. I expect that the COVID-19 epidemic and its negative effects will last a long time.
16. Chinese government immediately accepted responsibility after the outbreak of COVID-19.
17. Chinese government made a concerted effort to fight against COVID-19.
18. Chinese government tried its best to help the victims during the COVID-19 epidemic.
19. Chinese government provided the public with timely, accurate and useful information on the COVID-19 epidemic.
(6) China's Cognitive Image
20. China's economy is developing at a high speed.
21. China is a politically stable country.
22. China is a country with advanced science and technology.
23. China is a country that respects civil liberties and human rights.
24. Chinese people's way of living is not healthy and civilized, e.g., a few people eat wild animals.
25. China is a country with a good reputation.
(7) China's Affective Image
33. I worry about getting COVID-19 if I travel to China.
34. Because COVID-19 is highly contagious, I worry about my family getting COVID-19 if I travel to China.
35. Perceived risk of acquiring COVID-19 and other infectious diseases is high in China.
36. COVID-19 and other infectious diseases are a danger in China.
(9) Socio–Psychological Risk
37. There is a risk of friends/family/associates disapproving of my choice to travel to China.
38. I worry that a trip to China after COVID-19 will change the way my friends/family/associates think of me.
39. My family may think I don't care about their health if I travel to China.
40. Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games means a lot to me.
41. I am very attached to Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
42. I identify strongly with Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
43. How likely is it that you will travel to China for Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022?
44. How likely is it that you will attend Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games?
45. How likely is it that you will travel to China in the next 3 years?
46. Where are you from? (Please fill in the country name)
47. Have you ever been to China?